Kanaalka Panama ama marinka Panama ee loo yaqaano tan iyo markii la furay 1914-kii, wuxuu ahaa meel istiraatiiji ah oo soo dhoweynaya waddooyinka ganacsiga caalamiga ah, sidaas oo kale ahna il dakhli oo muhiim u ah dawladda Panama. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gacan ku haynta marin biyoodkan interoceanic had iyo jeer kuma jirin gacmaha dalkaa.
Muddo boqol sanno, Maraykanka ayaa maamulkiisa lahaa sababtuna waa doorkii uu ku lahaa dhismihiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii la saxeexay Heshiiskii Torrijos-Carter ee 1977, Washington waxay ku wareejisay madaxbannaanida joogtada ah ee kanaalka Panama, waxaanay dadka reer Panama tallaabada ugu yeedhaan “mid muhiim u ah” taariikhda waddanka.
Hadda, taa waxaa su’aal ka keenay madaxweynaha la doortay ee Maraykanka Donald Trump, kaas oo ka dhawaajiyay in maamulkiisa cusubi uu isku dayi karo inuu dib u hanto kanaalka Panama sababta oo ah “kharashka faraha badan ee Maraakiibta laga qaadayo iyo goobta oo muhiim ah. Laakiin heshiisyadu sidaa ma qabaan.
Sannadkii 1902dii, dawladda Maraykanka ee uu madaxweyne ka ahaa Theodore Roosevelt waxay Aagga Kanaalka Panama kala wareegtay Kembani Faransiis ah xilligaasna dhulkaasi uu weli ka tirsan yahay Colombia. Kembaniga Fanarsiiska ah oo ahaa Kembanigii dhisay Kanaalka Suweys ee Masar wuu kari waayey inuu sii wado.
Dalka Colombia wuu diiday la wareegida Maraykanka ka dib waxa uu bilaabay inuu taageero u fidiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa gooni-goosad oo doonaayey in Panama ay ka go’do Colombia, Maraykanka ayaa u aqoonsaday Jamhuuriyadda Panama dal madax-bannaan 6-dii Noofambar 1903-dii.
Isla sanadkaas, Noofambar 18-keedii, waxaa la saxeexay heshiiskii Hay-Bunau-Varilla, kaas oo siisay Maraykanka lahaanshaha iyo maamulka ee aagga Kanaalka Panama, una ogolaaday bilawga dhismihiisa.
Toban sano ka dib, kanaalka Panama ayaa si rasmi ah u furmay. Dhismaheedu waxa uu ka reebay maraakiibta in ay u shiraacdaan agagaarka Koonfurta Ameerika ama ay isticmaalaan Tareenka Panama si ay u kala gooshaan baayacmushtarka badweynta Atlantic iyo Pacific.
Gacan ku haynta Maraykanka ee kanaalka waxa ay ka dhignayd in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhulka Panama ay ku jirto gacanta dawlad shisheeye, taasina dadka ku abuurtay niyad jab.
Dareenka waddaniyadda ayaa koray, mudaaharaadyo badanna oo lagaga soo horjeedo maamulka Maraykanka ayaa dhacay dad badan ayaa ku dhintay January 9, 1964, ayaa loo tixgeliyey “Maalinta Shuhadada” ee Panama.
Taariikhdaas, arday reer Panama ah ayaa tegay Aagga Kanaalka iyaga oo wata calanka iskuulkooda oo dalbanaya in la wareejiyo marinka hase ahaatee waxay ka horyimid ciidamo Maraykan ah calankiina ka jeexjeexay. Falkan ayaa dadka reer Panama waxa ay u arkayeen ixtiraam la’aan waxana ay fursad u siisay saddex maalmood oo rabshado ah oo galaaftay nolosha 21 qof.
Natiijo ahaan, xidhiidhkii diblumaasiyadeed ee u dhaxeeyay Washington iyo Panama ayaa hakad galay, taas oo keentay cadaadis caalami ah oo lagu doonayo in wada xaajood la bilaabo lana gaadho heshiis cusub.
Heshiiskii Torrijos-Carter
Sebtembar 7, 1977, Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Jimmy Carter iyo hoggaamiyihii Panama Cumar Torrijos waxay saxeexeen heshiisyadii horseeday in Maraykanka uu ugu dambeyntii wareejiyo kanaalka Panama.
Bilo ka hor, Carter waxa uu dagaal la galay Congress-ka Maraykanka si uu u gaadho ansixinta heshiisyadan, isaga oo hubinaya wakhtigaas in “heshiisyadu ay yihiin kuwo lama huraan ah si loo hubiyo sii wadida isticmaalka waxtarka leh ee kanaalka ee baahiyaha ganacsi iyo amniga Dawladaha.”
Sidaas awgeed, Panama waxay siisay Maraykanka xuquuqda lagama maarmaanka ah ee uu ku shaqeeyo kanaalka ilaa Diseembar 31, 1999. Laga bilaabo wakhtigaas, marinku wuxuu si buuxda u gudubtay gacmaha reer Panama.
Heshiis labaad, oo loo yaqaan Heshiiska Dhexdhexaadnimada Joogtada ah iyo Hawlgalka Kanaalka Panama, ayaa dhigaya in marinka baddu uu yahay “qayb ka mid ah dhulka Panama iyo “inay noqon doonto dhexdhexaad joogto ah.”
Labada heshiisba waxaa ilaalinaya sharciga caalamiga ah, sidaa darteed lama garanayo sida uu Trump isugu dayi doono inuu soo ceshado dhulkan horey loogu wareejiyay Panama.
Maraykanku waxa uu sii ahaanayaa isticmaalaha ugu wayn ee kanaalka Panama,sida laga soo xigtay dawlada hoose,taas oo ka dhigan ku dhawaad 67% wadarta guud ee xamuulka lagu qaado wadadan.
Diidmada hadalkaTrump
Madaxweynaha Panama José Raúl Mulino ayaa ka falceliyay hadalada Trump ee ku saabsan suurtagalnimada soo kabashada Kanaalka isaga oo ku tilmaamay “gef” madax banaanida dalkiisa ah.
Fiidiyow uu daabacay madaxweynaha, wuxuu ku caddeeyay in “mitir kasta oo ka mid ah kanaalka Panama iyo aagga ku xiga ay leeyihiin Panama oo ay sii ahaan doonaan.”
Trump ayaa markii dambe qabsaday shabakadiisa bulshada ee Truth Social si uu ugu jawaabo: “Waan arki doonnaa!” Waxa kale oo uu dhejiyay sawirka calanka Maraykanka oo la dhigay aagga kanaalka, oo ay la socoto weedha ah: “Ku soo dhawoow kanaalka Maraykanka!”
Madaxweynaha Colombia, Gustavo Petro, ayaa ku biiray diidmada hadalka Trump, isaga oo sheegay inuu khalad sameeyay oo uu naftiisa. Halka madaxweynaha Mexico, Claudia Sheinbaum, uu xaqiijiyay in ” Kanaalka Panama ay leeyihiin reer Panama.”
Marinkan dhererkiisu waa 82kmt, lana mid ah 52 miles, waa saddex marin oo is barbar yaal waxa loo gudbaa laba jiho wuxuu isku xidhaa Badda Atlantic iyo badda Pacific laba jiho ayaa loo maraa Maraakiib u socota Atlantic iyo kuwo u socda Pacific. Waxa la ballaadhiyey sanadkii 2016.