In ka badan saddex milyan oo carruur ah oo adduunka oo dhan ah ayaa loo malaynayaa inay u dhinteen xannuuno ama caabuqyo u adkaysta dawooyinka antibiyootikada sanadkii 2022, sida lagu sheegay daraasad ay sameeyeen laba khabiir oo hormuud ka ah caafimaadka carruurta.
Carruurta ku nool Afrika iyo Koonfurta Bari ee Aasiya ayaa la ogaaday inay ugu badan yihiin khatartan.
Antimicrobial oo loo yaqaan AMR – waa waxyaabaha dawada ku jira ee dila Bactariyada, Dulinka iyo Fayraska laakiin xannuun keenayaashan ayaa iska caabinaya dawooyinka antibiyootiga taasina waxay keenaysaa in aanu qofkii xannuunkii ka bogsan isaga oo dawadii qaadanaya.
Arrimahan ayaa loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah khataraha caafimaad ee ugu weyn ee wakhtigan soo wajaha dadka adduunka.
Daraasad cusub ayaa hadda daaha ka qaadaysa dhibaatada ay AMR ku hayso carruurta.
Isticmaalka xogta laga helay ilo badan, oo ay ku jiraan Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) iyo Bangiga Adduunka, qorayaasha warbixinta ayaa xisaabiyay inay jiraan in ka badan saddex milyan oo carruur ah oo dhintay sanadkii 2022 lana xidhiidhiyay in ay u dhinteen caabuqyada u adkaysta daroogada.
Khubarada ayaa sheegay in daraasaddan cusub ay muujineyso korodh ka badan toban laab oo ah caabuqyada la xidhiidha AMR ee carruurta ku dhaca saddex sano gudahood.
Tirada waxaa ka sii dari kara saameynta cudurka faafa ee Covid.
Isticmaalka antibiyootiga oo kordhay
Antibiyootigyada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo ama looga hortago cudurro badan oo bakteeriya ah – wax kasta laga bilaabo caabuqa maqaarka ilaa oof wareenka.
Waxa kale oo mararka qaarkood la siiyaa taxaddar si looga hortago, halkii laga daweyn lahaa, caabuqa – tusaale ahaan haddii qof lagu qalayo ama la siinayo daawaynta kiimikaad ee kansarka.
Hadda waxa jira bakteeriyada qaar ayaa hadda u xuubsiibatay iska caabinta daawooyinka qaarkood, sababta oo ah isticmaalkooda xad dhaafka ah iyo isticmaalkooda aan habboonayn, halka soo saarista antibiyootiga cusub – geeddi-socod dheer oo qaali ah – ay isla markiiba hoos u dhacday.
Qorayaasha hormuudka u ah warbixinta, Doctor Yanhong Jessika Hu oo ka tirsan Machadka Cilmi-baadhista Carruurta ee Murdoch ee Australia iyo Professor Herb Harwell oo ka tirsan Hindisaha Helitaanka Caafimaadka ee Clinton, ayaa tilmaamaya koboc weyn oo isticmaalka antibiyootiga oo loogu talagalay in lagu celiyo oo keliya caabuqyada ugu daran.
Inta u dhaxaysa 2019 iyo 2021 isticmaalka “daawashada antibiyootiga”, daawooyinka khatarta sare leh ee iska caabbinta, ayaa kordhay 160% Koonfur Bari Aasiya iyo 126% Afrika.
Isla muddadaas, “dib u qaboojinta antibiyootiga” – daawaynta ugu dambeysay ee loogu talagalay infekshannada daran, u adkeysiga daawooyinka badan – ayaa kor u kacay 45% Koonfur Bari Aasiya iyo 125% Afrika.
Doorashooyinka sii yaraanaya
Qorayaashu waxay ka digayaan in haddii bakteeriyadu ay iska caabbinta antibiyootigan, ay jiri doonto wax yar, haddii ay jiraan, beddelaadyo lagu daweyn karo caabuqyada u adkaysta daawooyinka badan.
Prof Harwell wuxuu natiijooyinka ku soo bandhigayaa Congress of European Society of Clinical Microbiology iyo Cudurada Infekshinka ah ee Vienna dhamaadka bishan.
“AMR waa dhibaato caalami ah. Waxay saamaysaa qof walba. Waxaan shaqadan u qabannay runtii si aan diiradda u saarno habka aan dheellitirka lahayn ee AMR u saameeyo carruurta,” ayuu yidhi ka hor munaasabadda.
“Waxaan ku qiyaaseynaa saddex milyan oo dhimasho ah oo adduunka oo dhan ah oo lala xidhiidhinayo iska caabbinta jeermiska bakteeriyada.”
Ma jiraa xal AMR?
WHO waxa ay AMR ku tilmaantay mid ka mid ah khataraha caafimaad ee adduunka ugu khatarsan ee ina soo food saara, laakiin isaga oo ka hadlaya Vienna, Prof Harwell waxa uu ka digayaa in aanay jirin jawaabo fudud.
“Waa dhibaato dhinacyo badan leh oo ku fidsan dhammaan dhinacyada daawada iyo runtii, nolosha aadanaha,” ayuu yidhi.
“Antibiotics-ku meel walba ayay nagu wareegsan yihiin, waxay ku dhammaadaan cuntadeenna iyo deegaanka, markaa in la helo hal xal ma fududa.”
Sida ugu wanaagsan ee looga fogaado caabuqa iska caabbinta leh waa in gebi ahaanba la iska ilaaliyo caabuqa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay heerar sare oo tallaal ah, nadaafadda biyaha iyo nadaafadda ayaa loo baahan yahay, ayuu raaciyay.
“Waxaa jiri doona isticmaalka antibiyootiga badan sababta oo ah waxaa jira dad badan oo u baahan, laakiin waxaan u baahanahay inaan hubinno in si habboon loo isticmaalo iyo in la isticmaalo daawooyinka saxda ah.”
Dr Lindsey Edwards, oo ah bare sare oo cilmiga microbiology ka dhiga King’s College London, ayaa sheegay in daraasaddan cusub “ay muujineyso koror weyn oo naxdin leh marka loo eego xogtii hore”.
“Natiijooyinkani waa inay u adeegaan sidii baaq toos ah oo loogu talagalay hoggaamiyeyaasha caafimaadka adduunka. Haddii aan la helin tallaabo adag, AMR waxay wiiqi kartaa tobanaan sano oo horumarka caafimaadka carruurta ah, gaar ahaan gobollada ugu nugul adduunka.”